Dementia, I believe everyone is familiar with this disease. As the elders around us grow older, we will find that some elders start to develop dementia from time to time. So what factors are related to dementia? This article will explain to you through the latest published papers!
First of all, everyone needs to understand that there is not only one type of "dementia". According to different types of etiology, it can be divided into: degenerative type, vascular type, and mixed type. Among the degenerative types, there are many different diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease It is one of them. During the onset of Alzheimer's disease, it is often found that certain areas of the gray matter of the brain will shrink and degenerate.
This large-scale study published in internationally renowned journals in 2022paper, which is a prospective cohort study with high reliability. The research team collected the health data of 203,038 Caucasian subjects through the UK biobank. The research team did not have dementia at the time, and the research team will track whether these cases suffer from dementia again in 2021, and gain an in-depth understanding of the risk factors related to dementia in these people, hoping to understand the definite relationship between risk factors and dementia .
In the diagnosis part, the research team did not sub-classify dementia, and used the collective name of dementia diagnosis for statistics. In the part of cerebrovascular-related risk factors, the research team scored three major cerebrovascular diseases, such as diabetes, stroke, and myocardial infarction, with one point for each disease. 3 points, otherwise, if none, the score is 0 points. For the part of genetic risk factors, the research team used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in the database to assign polygenic risk index scores to individual cases. The scores were divided into three levels, namely low, Medium and high risk.
After statistical analysis, the research team found that if the polygenic risk indicator score belongs to the high-risk group, the risk ratio of suffering from dementia is significantly increased (HR: 1.68), but what is even more frightening is that if theCerebral and cardiovascular risk factors are scored with a full score of 3, which means that the risk ratio of dementia is not only significantly increased (HR: 5.55), but also a high genetic risk indicator for people who have suffered from diabetes, stroke, and myocardial infarction. 3 times the hazard ratio for the fractional group!Moreover, there was a significant dose-effect relationship between cerebrocardiovascular risk factors and the hazard ratio of dementia (score 1, HR: 1.94; score 2, HR: 3.46; score 3, HR: 5.55).
In addition, the research team also analyzed the available brain MRI images and found thatIncreased scores of cerebrovascular-related risk factors were significantly associated with decreased hippocampus and total gray matter volume in the brain.
In general, genes do affect a part of the risk of dementia, but in comparison, the risk caused by cerebrovascular disease is much higher, and this part is relatively controllable. Therefore, I recommend that youFor the future of brain health, preventive measures to protect the brain and cardiovascular system should be started as soon as possible (such as: healthy diet, moderate exercise, etc.), rather than knowing that you need to take medicine until you are really sick! Additionally, there are someSpecific dementia prevention methods, you can refer to previous articles (Article 1,Text 2). I wish you all good brains when you grow old!
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〈The author is former Attending Physician in National Taiwan University Hospital, and Master of Science from National Taiwan University〉
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